Effect of Gases and Vapors

In selecting pumping equipment for oil wells remember that in a majority of cases some of the constituents of the fluid being pumped are above or near their boiling points at the pressure and temperature conditions existing within the pump. Technical Data used in the field explained in petroleum courses in Rawalpindi. These conditions may cause release of large volumes of dissolved gases and vapors with a slight drop in pressure of the well tluid, in addition to the free gas initially in the fluid.

 For this reason it is very difficult to pump some wells down. Many wells apparently will pump off with several hundred feet of fluid standing in the hole because the condensable vapors and gases occupy the entire displacement volume of the pump. Under these conditions. without a relatively high intake pressure, which decreases compression ratio, the pressure below the plunger cannot be raised to the tubing pressure. (This is necessary before the traveling valve can open and deliver oil to the tubing.) On the downstroke the vapors may condense and occupy a very small volume without an appreciable increase in  pressure, and only the permanent gases are effective in increasing the pressure in accordance with the gas laws. Some more details of petroleum courses in rawalpindi are as under.

There are two precautions to take to minimize the adverse effects of vapors and gases. The compression ratio should be made as high as possible. This is accomplished by using a closed-cagetype valve below the plunger with a stationary-barrel pump, or a valve above the plunger with a travelingbarrel- type pump. It is also important to space the pump so the traveling valve and standing valve come as near to each other as possible at the lowest position of the rods without making contact, and to use as long a stroke as possible with the equipment available. Flow velocities and turbulence at the pump inlet should be kept at a minimum. This is accomplished by using the largest standing valve possible and a suitable gas anchor with the largest possible flow passages. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani Students who wants to join oil field after petroleum courses in Islamabad.