Lease-Operated Hydrocarbon Recovery Systems

In lease production of natural gas, the marketing specifications as prescribed by the gas sales contract must be considered when selecting the system for processing wellhead gas for liquid recovery. Natural gas at the wellhead can contain liquefied hydrocarbons, free water. Technical Data used in the field explained in petroleum courses in Islamabad .Water vapor, acid gases, and other undesirable components. To make wellhead gas merchantable, these components must be reduced to a composition that will satisfy the marketing specifications.

The first part of this chapter is devoted to the removal of liquefiable hydrocarbons from natural gas. The latter part of the chapter describes techniques for removal of some of the other components.

The removal of liquefiable hydrocarbons, which are called “condensate,” is necessary for efficient transmission of natural gas in pipelines. If hydrocarbons condense in the pipeline, additional horsepower is required to overcome the increased pressure drop. Where the heating value of the natural gas is specified by the gas sales contract, there must be control of the condensate removal to satisfy this limitation. A final consideration for removal of condensate is that additional revenue is derived over that from sale of natural gas. In many instances this additional revenue will readily pay out the cost of process equipment required to produce gas of merchantable quality. Some more details of petroleum courses in Islamabad are as under.

Before various methods for removing condensate from natural gas are discussed, some of the physical phenomena involved in the formation of condensate are examined. Retrograde condensation is a phenomenon that occurs at the high temperatures and  pressures frequently encountered in condensate hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the retrograde condensation region, as shown in Fig. 14.1, condensate forms at constant temperature with a reduction in pressure or at constant pressure with an increase in temperature, both of which are contrary to the normal expectations for condensation. If fluid in the reservoir existed at Point A, condensation would occur as the pressure in the reservoir  declined from A to B. Less frequently encountered is the case shown by Line C-D. Here the fluid is in the single-phase region at Point C. As the temperature is increased at constant pressure from C to D, condensation occurs. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani Students who wants to join petroleum courses in Rawalpindi.