Several factors affect and contribute to vapor and gravity
losses in storage tanks: (I) vapor pressure of the product stored, (2)
temperature of the product stored. (3) surface area of the product stored.
Technical Data used in the field explained in petroleum courses in
Rawalpindi. (4) agitation of the product stored, (5) pressure on
the storage tanks, (6) filling losses from the storage tanks, (7)
breathing losses from the storage tanks, (8) size of the storage tanks, and (9)
color of outside paint or coating. Several, if not all, of these factors
usually contribute to the total loss from any one tank or battery.
The true vapor pressure (TVP) of a liquid is the actual
pressure it exerts on the vapor space in a container at a given temperature.
Water, for example, has a TVP of 1 psi at 100° F and a TVP of 14.7 psi at
212”F, yet it must be kept in a closed container to prevent evaporation. The
same is true for crude oil if the TVP is below 14.7 psi. Crudes with a TVP of
10 psi and lower are usually relatively stable in closed-atmospheric storage.
Some more details of petroleum courses in rawalpindi are as under.
Temperature of crude is directly related to its vapor
pressure. For example, a crude with a TVP of 8 psi at 50°F will have a TVP of
17 psi at 90°F. The vaporization loss is then approximately doubled at the 90°F
temperature.
Surface Area. Directly related to the rate of evaporation is
the surface area of the crude. Take, for example, two tanks with a
capacity of 500 bbl each, one a high 500-bbl tank and the other a low
.500-bbl tank. If both are filled one-half full, the high 500 bbl has 0.74 sq
ft of surface area exposed per barrel stored, whereas the low 500 bbl has 1.46
sq ft of surface area exposed per barrel stored. The low SOO-bbl tank then has
twice the evaporation rate of the high 500-bbl tank. TSK Training for Skills
and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani
Students who wants to join petroleum courses in
Islamabad.
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